Move the slider to any year: every polity recorded for that year is drawn. Egyptian states are gold, the power that ruled Egypt in the current chapter is green, and everything else is grey; 38 chapters carry the story. Borders change only where the dataset records a change, and they fade rather than morph between dated polygons. The slider is stretched so that the dense modern centuries get more room than the long ancient ones. Hover a territory for its name and dates; click it to open its Wikipedia article.

Boundaries are approximate reconstructions. Borders in the deserts, Nubia and the Levant are especially uncertain, and ancient dates before 664 BCE are approximate. The dataset has no Egyptian polygon before about 3000 BCE, so the map starts at unification; New Kingdom vassals in Canaan and Syria are not drawn as Egyptian; the Ikhshidid period (935–969) appears under the Abbasid Caliphate; Saladin’s first years (1169–1176) are labelled “Zengid dynasty”; and between 1885 and 1921 Egypt is drawn inside “British Africa” (the British occupation and protectorate). The dashed line is modern Egypt, for orientation only: its southern edge follows the 22nd parallel, and the Halaib Triangle is administered by Egypt but claimed by Sudan.