# Constitutional Amendment on Two Sexes (26 September 2025)

URL: https://allhistories.com/slovakia/timeline/2025-constitutional-amendment-on-two-sexes
Location: Bratislava
Themes: Key Events

In January 2025 Robert Fico announced plans to amend the constitution so that it would take precedence over international treaties in matters of national identity, recognise only two sexes and restrict gender transition and adoption by same-sex couples. The proposal was presented as a defence of traditional values against EU law and international obligations. The bill passed its first reading on 9 April 2025 with 81 votes, but in June 2025, short of the required majority, the coalition postponed the final vote to September. On 26 September 2025 the amendment was adopted with 90 votes for, 7 against and 2 abstentions, exactly reaching the three-fifths majority, with the support of conservative opposition deputies, mainly from the Christian Democratic Movement. It states that Slovakia retains sovereignty over fundamental cultural and ethical questions, giving national law precedence over EU law in these areas, recognises only male and female sexes, bans surrogacy, restricts adoption essentially to married couples, requires parental consent for sex education and also enshrines equal pay for men and women. It took effect on 1 November 2025. Supporters described the amendment as protecting national identity and the family, while critics including human-rights organisations and the opposition Progressive Slovakia warned that it threatened LGBT rights and could put Slovakia on a collision course with EU law. It was one of the most significant changes to the 1992 constitution, comparable with the 2014 amendment defining marriage as a union of a man and a woman.

## Why it matters
The amendment marked a major conservative turn and raised questions about the primacy of EU law in Slovakia.

Ruler at the Time: [Peter Pellegrini](https://allhistories.com/slovakia/rulers/peter-pellegrini)

Prime Minister of Slovakia: Robert Fico (Direction – Social Democracy)

## Sources
- [Wikipedia — Constitution of Slovakia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_of_Slovakia)
- [National Council of the Slovak Republic](https://www.nrsr.sk/)
- [The Slovak Spectator](https://spectator.sme.sk/)
- [Wikipedia — Independent Slovakia (period overview)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slovakia)