# Bombardment of Acre and Ottoman Return (3 November 1840)

URL: https://allhistories.com/israel/timeline/1840-bombardment-of-acre-and-ottoman-return
Themes: Wars & Battles

On 3 November 1840 British and Austrian warships bombarded Acre, and a landing party of Austrian, British and Ottoman troops led by the Austrian Archduke Friedrich took the citadel after the Egyptian garrison fled. The operation formed part of the Oriental Crisis of 1840, in which European powers intervened to restore Ottoman rule over Syria. In 1839 Ibrahim Pasha had defeated an Ottoman army at Nezib, and in June 1840 the entire Ottoman fleet defected to Muhammad Ali. Britain, Austria, Prussia and Russia backed the young sultan Abdulmejid I, and under the Convention of London of 15 July 1840 offered Muhammad Ali hereditary rule of Egypt if he withdrew. When he hesitated, allied ships blockaded the Egyptian coast and shelled Sidon and Beirut in September. After the loss of Acre, Muhammad Ali accepted the terms on 27 November 1840 in return for hereditary rule over Egypt and Sudan. Ibrahim Pasha's forces withdrew from Syria and Palestine, harassed along their route to Gaza, and completed the evacuation in February 1841.

## Why it matters
The crisis of 1840 restored Ottoman rule in Palestine and marked the growing involvement of the European powers in the region's affairs.

Ruler at the Time: [Ibrahim Pasha of Egypt](https://allhistories.com/israel/rulers/ibrahim-pasha-of-egypt)

## Sources
- [Wikipedia — Oriental Crisis of 1840](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oriental_Crisis_of_1840)
- [Wikipedia — Ibrahim Pasha of Egypt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibrahim_Pasha_of_Egypt)
- [Encyclopaedia Britannica topic lookup — Oriental Crisis](https://www.britannica.com/search?query=Oriental+Crisis)