# Gaza war (2023)

URL: https://allhistories.com/islam/timeline/2023-gaza-war
Location: Gaza, Levant
Themes: War

Hamas attacks Israel; war follows. At this point in the timeline (2023), there was no universally recognized caliph: the Ottoman caliphate had been abolished by the Turkish Republic on 3 March 1924, and Muslims were organized in independent states and religious institutions.

## Why it matters
Gaza war mattered because it shows how warfare shaped Muslim states and their relations with neighbours.

## Sources
- [Wikipedia — Gaza war](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza_war)
- [Encyclopaedia Britannica topic lookup — Gaza war](https://www.britannica.com/search?query=Gaza+war)
- [Wikipedia — Modern Era (period overview)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam_by_country)