# Ismail Pasha - Khedive of Egypt (sovereign of Massawa and Habesh)

URL: https://allhistories.com/eritrea/rulers/ismail-pasha-1865
Reign: 1865 – 25 Jun 1879
Number in the list: 87
Dynasty: Muhammad Ali dynasty
Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ismail_Pasha

Proclaimed Khedive 19 January 1863, removed 26 June 1879. In 1865 the Porte ceded the African portion of the Habesh Eyalet to him (May 1865 per the Massawa page; 1866 per the Habesh page). Primary-chain choice: the Khedive is used as the head because the sources used name only one governor (Munzinger).

## Succession
- Previous in list: [Ottoman direct rule, 1850-64 (governors not named in the sources used)](https://allhistories.com/eritrea/rulers/ottoman-direct-rule-1850-64-governors-unnamed-in-1850)
- Next in list: [Tewfik Pasha](https://allhistories.com/eritrea/rulers/tewfik-pasha-1879)

## Timeline events during this reign
- 1865 - [Ottoman cession of Massawa and Suakin to Egypt](https://allhistories.com/eritrea/timeline/1865-ottoman-cession-of-massawa-and-suakin-to-egypt)
- 1869 - [Rubattino Company buys the Bay of Assab](https://allhistories.com/eritrea/timeline/1869-rubattino-company-buys-the-bay-of-assab)
- 1869 - [Opening of the Suez Canal](https://allhistories.com/eritrea/timeline/1869-opening-of-the-suez-canal)
- 1872 - [Egyptian annexation of Bogos and Keren](https://allhistories.com/eritrea/timeline/1872-egyptian-annexation-of-bogos-and-keren)
- 1875 - [Death of Werner Munzinger in the Danakil](https://allhistories.com/eritrea/timeline/1875-death-of-werner-munzinger-in-the-danakil)
- 1875 - [Battle of Gundet](https://allhistories.com/eritrea/timeline/1875-battle-of-gundet)
- 1876 - [Battle of Gura](https://allhistories.com/eritrea/timeline/1876-battle-of-gura)
- 1876 - [Ras Alula appointed governor of the Mereb Melash](https://allhistories.com/eritrea/timeline/1876-ras-alula-appointed-governor-of-the-mereb-melash)